(CACD 2025) item 139 - (Língua Inglesa). The second sentence of the first paragraph indicat

Questões de prova
1

Enunciado:

There is nothing inevitable about choices that are environmentally destructive. In 1800, there were indeed 550 steam engines in Europe but there were over 500,000 water mills.
Coal was more expensive than hydro power and many industrialists were not persuaded of its added value. It was the economic recession of 1825–1848 with increasing agitation by textile workers over salaries and conditions which made the use of coal-powered, steam-driven spinning machines a much more attractive proposition. More machines meant fewer workers and fewer workers meant fewer demands, notably for wage rises.
Therefore, the substantial increase in CO₂ emissions in Britain in the first half of the nineteenth century, which through economic competition, war and imperial domination would start a worldwide trend, was not the blind outcome of the machinery of ‘progress’ but the cumulative consequence of a set of very specific decisions taken by identifiable socio-economic actors.

Similarly, the notion that ecological awareness is only a very recent phenomenon where “humanity” finally woke up to the environmental consequences of its economic activities does not stand up to scrutiny. In the period from the beginnings of the industrial revolution to the decade when the movement towards fossil fuels use becomes more marked, awareness of the relationships between humans and their environment or the “natural world” was widespread. Environmental risks have been clearly and repeatedly signalled from the time of the industrial revolution onwards. The notion of an unthinking humanity bringing destruction upon itself does not bear up to examination.

In relation to the previous text, judge the items that follow.

Texto do item:

The second sentence of the first paragraph indicates that, in 1800, there were already anthropogenic changes in nature.

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2

Gabarito sugerido: E
A segunda frase do primeiro parágrafo é: “In 1800, there were indeed 550 steam engines in Europe but there were over 500,000 water mills.” Essa frase apenas apresenta dados quantitativos sobre o número de máquinas a vapor e moinhos de água existentes na Europa em 1800. Ela não faz referência direta a mudanças antropogênicas (alterações causadas pelo ser humano) na natureza. Embora a existência dessas máquinas possa sugerir algum impacto humano, a frase em si não indica explicitamente tais mudanças. Portanto, a afirmativa está ERRADA.

Comentário automático feito pela inteligência artificial do Clipping.ai apenas para referência. Comentários dos nossos professores virão a seguir.

3

The second sentence is:

“In 1800, there were indeed 550 steam engines in Europe but over 500,000 watermills.”
This sentence provides a numerical comparison of technology types but says nothing about environmental impact or anthropogenic (human-caused) changes.
The idea of emissions and damage appears later, not here.

Explicação (PT):
Incorreto. A segunda frase apenas compara o número de moinhos d’água com motores a vapor em 1800, mas não afirma que havia alterações ambientais causadas por humanos. A menção às emissões de CO₂ só aparece depois.

4

But Prof, wouldn’t the watermills count as anthropogenic changes?

5

I think so

“Anthropogenic changes are alterations that result from human action or presence. They may be deliberate, such as when land is cleared for agriculture, modifying landscapes and introducing new species.”

Anthropogenic Change | Encyclopedia.com.