Questão 30 item 134 - (Língua Inglesa - 1a Fase - CACD 2026). According to the author of the text, every member

[clipping.cacd]

Enunciado:

Culture is ordinary. Every human society has its own shape, its own purposes, its own meanings. Every human society expresses these, in institutions, and in arts and learning. The making of a society is the finding of common meanings and directions, and its growth is an active debate and amendment under the pressure of experience, contact, and discovery, writing themselves into the land. The growing society is there, yet it is also made and remade in every individual mind.
The making of a mind is, first, the slow learning of shapes, purposes, and meanings, so that work, observation and communication are possible. Then, second, but equal in importance, is the testing of these in experience, the making of new observations, comparisons, and meanings.
A culture has two aspects: the known meanings and directions, which its members are trained to; the new observations and meanings, which are offered and tested. These are the ordinary processes of human societies and human minds, and we see through them the nature of a culture: that it is always both traditional and creative; that it is both the most ordinary common meanings and the finest individual meanings.
We use the word culture in these two senses: to mean a whole way of life — the common meanings; to mean the arts and learning — the special processes of discovery and creative effort. Some writers reserve the word for one or other of these senses; I insist on both, and on the significance of their conjunction. The questions I ask about our culture are questions about our general and common purposes, yet also questions about our deeper personal meanings.

Culture is ordinary, in every society and in every mind.
Raymond Williams. Culture is Ordinary. In R. Williams. Resources of Hope: Culture, Democracy, Socialism. London: Verso, 1989, p. 3-14 (adapted).

Based on the grammatical and semantic aspects of the preceding text, judge the items that follow.

Texto do item:

According to the author of the text, every member of society is cultured, refined, and, through social experience and discovery, plays a role in shaping cultural development, both individually and collectively.

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[clipping.cacd]

ERRADO.

Vamos analisar a afirmação passo a passo, confrontando-a com o texto de Raymond Williams.

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O que a afirmação diz

A afirmação sustenta que, segundo o autor:

1. Todo membro da sociedade é cultured (culto);
2. Todo membro da sociedade é refined (refinado);
3. Todo membro, por meio da experiência social e da descoberta, desempenha um papel no desenvolvimento cultural, tanto individual quanto coletivamente.

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O que o texto realmente diz

Ponto 1 — “every member is cultured” (parcialmente correto)

Williams de fato defende que “Culture is ordinary” e que toda sociedade humana possui seus próprios significados, propósitos e formas. Ele insiste em dois sentidos de cultura: “a whole way of life — the common meanings” e “the arts and learning — the special processes of discovery and creative effort.” Nessa concepção ampla, todo membro de uma sociedade participa da cultura — todos são, em certo sentido, “cultos”.

Ponto 2 — “refined” (AQUI ESTÁ O ERRO)

A palavra “refined” (refinado) remete exatamente à visão elitista de cultura que Williams rejeita. A tese central do ensaio é que cultura é algo ordinário (ordinary), comum, pertencente a todos — e não sinônimo de refinamento, sofisticação ou erudição. Dizer que todo membro da sociedade é refined distorce o argumento de Williams. Ele não está elevando todos ao patamar de “refinados”; ao contrário, está democratizando o conceito de cultura, retirando-o do pedestal elitista. Williams não diz que todos são refinados — diz que cultura não é uma questão de refinamento.

Ponto 3 — “plays a role in shaping cultural development” (correto)

O texto afirma que o crescimento de uma sociedade é “an active debate and amendment under the pressure of experience, contact, and discovery” e que a sociedade “is also made and remade in every individual mind.” Isso sustenta a ideia de que cada indivíduo participa do desenvolvimento cultural.

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Conclusão

A afirmação é ERRADA por causa da palavra “refined”. Esse termo introduz uma conotação de sofisticação e elitismo que vai de encontro à tese central de Williams. O autor não argumenta que todos são “refinados”; ele argumenta que a cultura é ordinária — pertence a todos, é vivida por todos, mas isso nada tem a ver com refinamento no sentido tradicional. Trata-se de uma armadilha clássica de provas como o CACD: inserir uma única palavra que altera o sentido da paráfrase e a torna incompatível com o texto original.

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Comentário automático feito pela inteligência artificial do Clipping.ai apenas para referência. Comentários dos nossos professores virão a seguir.

[ProfShaun]

Errada

Why students get Question 134 WRONG

1. They focus on the “big idea” and ignore one word

Students read:

“every member of society… plays a role in shaping culture…”

And think:

“Yes, that’s exactly what the text says.”

This part is correct.

But they fail to check every word carefully

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2. They don’t notice the “poison word”

The word is:

“refined”

Students:

• read quickly

• accept the sentence globally

• don’t test each term

They miss that:

ONE word contradicts the whole argument

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3. They misunderstand the concept of “culture”

Many students assume:

culture = refinement / sophistication

But the author (Raymond Williams) argues the opposite:

culture = ordinary, shared, everyday meaning

So when they see:

“cultured, refined”

They think:
“Yes, that sounds correct”

But actually:
it contradicts the text

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4. They apply real-world logic instead of textual logic

Students think:

“Well, culture is about education, refinement, knowledge…”

That is external knowledge

BUT CACD requires:

Only what the text supports

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5. They are not trained to detect “mixed sentences”

This is the most important point.

This sentence is:

80–90% correct
10–20% wrong

That is enough to make it ERRADO